![]() Sunburn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Sunburn is a form of radiation burn that affects living tissue, such as skin, that results from an overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, commonly from the sun. Common symptoms in humans and other animals include red or reddish skin that is hot to the touch, pain, general fatigue, and mild dizziness. An excess of UV radiation can be life- threatening in extreme cases. Exposure of the skin to lesser amounts of UV radiation will often produce a suntan. Excessive UV radiation is the leading cause of primarily non- malignant skin tumors. ![]() Clothing, including hats, is considered the preferred skin protection method. Moderate sun tanning without burning can also prevent subsequent sunburn, as it increases the amount of melanin, a photoprotectivepigment that is the skin's natural defense against overexposure. Importantly, both sunburn and the increase in melanin production are triggered by direct DNA damage. When the skin cells' DNA is overly damaged by UV radiation, type I cell- death is triggered and the skin is replaced. Dark Patch On Skin After Sunburn ProductsAlso, a small amount of heat is given off from the burn, caused by the concentration of blood in the healing process, giving a warm feeling to the affected area. Sunburns may be classified as superficial, or partial thickness burns. Variations. In more serious cases, blistering can occur. Extreme sunburns can be painful to the point of debilitation and may require hospital care. Melasma is a condition in which areas of the skin become darker. The dark patches often appear on both. This makes the melasma patch fade more quickly as. Flaking skin, Skin bumps and Skin peeling, cracking or scaling and including Sunburn. Dry skin, Flaking skin. Too much sun can cause sunburn and other skin reactions. Sunburn and Your Skin. Sunburn is a condition that. Several days after sunburn. Skin that feels hot to the touch and is red and painful and emerges a few hours after sun exposure is known as sunburn. Dark patch on skin after sunburn cream: Date added: February 9, 2015: Price: Free: Operating system: Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10: Total downloads: 3118: Downloads last. Sun-Damaged Skin Pictures. More severe sunburn can lead to blistering of the skin. Sunburn — Sunburn is the common name for the skin injury that appears immediately after the skin. Here are the most effective and simple remedies that can help you to remove sun tan, sunburn and. Duration. Nevertheless, the inflicted harm is often not immediately obvious. After the exposure, skin may turn red in as little as 3. Pain is usually most extreme 6 to 4. The burn continues to develop for 1 to 3 days, occasionally followed by peeling skin in 3 to 8 days. Some peeling and itching may continue for several weeks. Skin cancer. One of the possible reactions from the excited state is the formation of a thymine- thymine cyclobutane dimer (right). Sunburn is caused by UV radiation, either from the sun or from artificial sources, such as tanning lamps, welding arcs, or ultraviolet germicidal irradiation. It is a reaction of the body to direct DNA damage from UVB light. This damage is mainly the formation of a thymine dimer. The damage is recognized by the body, which then triggers several defense mechanisms, including DNA repair to revert the damage, apoptosis and peeling to remove irreparably damaged skin cells, and increased melanin production to prevent future damage. Melanin readily absorbs UV wavelength light, acting as a photoprotectant. By preventing UV photons from disrupting chemical bonds, melanin inhibits both the direct alteration of DNA and the generation of free radicals, thus indirect DNA damage. Sunburn causes an inflammation process, including production of prostanoids and bradykinin. These chemical compounds increase sensitivity to heat by reducing the threshold of heat receptor (TRPV1) activation from 1. In general, people with lighter skin tone have a greater risk of sunburn. Age also affects how skin reacts to sun. Children younger than six and adults older than sixty are more sensitive to sunlight. Certain antibiotics, oral contraceptives, and tranquillizers have this effect. Contributing factors include. In most locations, the sun's rays are strongest between approximately 1. UV is partially blocked by clouds; but even on an overcast day, a significant percentage of the sun's damaging UV radiation can pass through clouds. All of these reflect the sun's rays and can cause sunburns. The season of the year. The position of the sun in late spring and early summer can cause a more- severe sunburn. Altitude. At a higher altitude it is easier to become burnt, because there is less of the earth's atmosphere to block the sunlight. UV exposure increases about 4% for every 1. Proximity to the equator (latitude). Between the polar and tropical regions, the closer to the equator, the more direct sunlight passes through the atmosphere over the course of a year. For example, the southern United States gets fifty percent more sunlight than the northern United States. All else being equal (e. UV radiation. In the temperate zones between 2. The higher the latitude, the lower the intensity of the UV rays. Intensity in the northern hemisphere is greatest during the months of May, June and July . On a minute- by- minute basis, the amount of UV radiation is dependent on the angle of the sun. This is easily determined by the height ratio of any object to the size of its shadow. The greatest risk is at solar noon, when shadows are at their minimum and the sun's radiation passes most directly through the atmosphere. Regardless of one's latitude (assuming no other variables), equal shadow lengths mean equal amounts of UV radiation. The skin and eyes are most sensitive to damage by UV at 2. Most sunburn is caused by longer wavelengths, simply because those are more prevalent in sunlight at ground level. Ozone depletion. Between the 1. UV intensity at the earth's surface. Ozone depletion and the seasonal . Suntans can provide a modest sun protection factor (SPF) of 3, meaning that tanned skin would tolerate up to three times the UV exposure as pale skin. Long- wavelength UV is more prevalent, but each milliwatt at 2. The destruction of lower layers of the epidermis causes rapid loss of the top layers. The most effective way to prevent sunburn is to reduce the amount of UV radiation reaching the skin. The strength of sunlight is published in many locations as a UV Index. The World Health Organization recommends to limit time in midday summer sun (between 1. Due to time zones and daylight saving time, this is not necessarily at 1. Commercial preparations are available that block UV light, known as sunscreens or sunblocks. They have a sun protection factor (SPF) rating, based on the sunblock's ability to suppress sunburn: The higher the SPF rating, the lower the amount of direct DNA damage. The stated protection factors are correct only if 2 . This translates into about 2. L (1 oz) to cover the whole body of an adult male, which is much more than many people use in practice. Although UVA radiation does not primarily cause sunburn, it does contribute to skin aging and an increased risk of skin cancer. Research has shown that the best sunscreen protection is achieved by application 1. Further reapplication is necessary only after activities such as swimming, sweating, and rubbing. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that people between 9 and 2. Such sources can produce UVC, an extremely carcinogenic wavelength of UV which ordinarily is not present in normal sunlight, having been filtered out by the atmosphere. The eyes are also sensitive to sun exposure at about the same UV wavelengths as skin; snow blindness is essentially sunburn of the cornea. Wrap- around sunglasses or the use by spectacle- wearers of glasses that block UV light reduce the harmful radiation. UV light has been implicated in the development of age- related macular degeneration. Several dietary antioxidants, including essential vitamins, have been shown to have some effectiveness for protecting against sunburn and skin damage associated with ultraviolet radiation, in both human and animal studies. Supplementation with Vitamin C and Vitamin E was shown in one study to reduce the amount of sunburn after a controlled amount of UV exposure. The best treatment for most sunburns is time. Most sunburns heal completely within a few weeks. Non- steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen or naproxen), and aspirin may decrease redness and pain. June 5, 2. 00. 0^ ab. World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer . Touch: The Science of Hand, Heart and Mind. Retrieved March 1, 2. Retrieved November 2. Retrieved January 3, 2. World Health Organization. Retrieved January 2, 2. Up to 8. 0% of solar UV radiation can penetrate light cloud cover. Retrieved January 2, 2. Clear skies allow virtually 1. UV to pass through, scattered clouds transmit 8. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2. PDF). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved March 1. Retrieved August 2. Department of Health and Human Services. A UVB- induced tan provides minimal sun protection, equivalent to an SPF of about 3. World Health Organization.^Faurschou A, Wulf HC (April 2. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine. The British journal of dermatology. British Journal of Ophthalmology. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. Photochemistry and Photobiology. Retrieved November 2. The Olympic textbook of medicine in sport. Oxford, UK: Wiley- Blackwell. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 2. 6 June 2. Giornale italiano di dermatologia e venereologia.
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